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This term refers to a landmark case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court on November 5, 2025, which challenges the legality of tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump under the 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The core legal issue is whether the power to impose these sweeping levies rests with the President or solely with Congress, which holds the constitutional power to tax. Former Acting Solicitor General Neal Katyal is the lead attorney arguing against the tariffs.
The search spiked because the Supreme Court held oral arguments for the case on November 5, 2025. The case is a critical test of presidential authority and global economic policy, with the potential outcome forcing the U.S. Treasury to pay back an estimated $90 billion in collected tariffs if the court rules against the President's authority.
The case is viewed as highly consequential for the separation of powers in U.S. governance and for global trade. Those opposing the tariffs argue they are an illegal tax by the executive branch. Even conservative justices appeared skeptical of the administration’s legal defense during the arguments.